中国古代题画诗文的社会功能及其发展的社会动因

王文欣

中国古代题画诗文的社会功能及其发展的社会动因

王文欣

故宫博物院

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- 收稿日期: 2017-10-03
- 修回日期: 2017-11-13

The Social Functions of Ancient Chinese Painting Inscriptions and the Social Factors in Their Development

WANG Wenxin

The Palace Museum, Beijing

摘要

摘要: 中国古代题画诗文常被视为画作的"有机组成部分"，它们与画面交相"融会"从而达到"诗情画意"的意境。本文则认为应对这些空泛模糊的话语保持审慎的态度。我们可跳出审美论之外，将题画诗文放回到原本的社会语境中，从社会功用的角度去理解其发展。本文从社会交际、地域竞争和身份建构三方面入手，来探讨题画诗文在中国古代所发挥的一部分社会功能，以及题画诗文获得发展的社会动因。这三方面实则相互关联：苏州地区文人频繁使用题画诗文进行社会交际，导致题画诗文成为"吴地"画坛的"招牌"。题画诗文助阵明中后期"吴派"对"浙派"的打压，也因此成为浙地攻击苏州的标靶。而在社会交际和地域竞争的背后是雅俗边界的变动。晚明至清代文人画学论述对题画诗文何以守住文人精英高雅"阵地"一事，表现出越来越强烈的身份焦虑。
- 题画诗文 /
- 文人交际 /
- 浙派 /
- 地域竞争 /
- 身份建构
Abstract: Inscriptions written on ancient Chinese paintings are considered as painting's integral part that integrates the image into a poetic unity. This essay questions the validity of these vague discourses and proposes to understand painting inscriptions in a social context. This essay illuminates the following three factors in the development of painting inscriptions in history:social interactions, regional competition, and identity making. This essay argues that the Ming Suzhou elite intensively brought painting inscriptions into their social intercourses to such an extent that inscriptions became a distinctive mark of Suzhou paintings. This is why inscription was the target when Gushihuapu, a painting model book printed in late Ming Hangzhou, criticized Suzhou painters. Behind social interactions and regional competitions was a desire to distinguish elegance from vulgarity and associate the inscriber himself with the side of elegance.
- painting inscriptions /
- social interactions of ancient Chinese literati /
- the Zhe school /
- regional competition /
- identity making

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