拉辛与古希腊悲剧传统
Jean Racine and Ancient Greek Tragedy
-
摘要: 拉辛是十七世纪法国古典主义悲剧的代表作家,有四部传世悲剧改写自欧里庇得斯,学界一般认为欧里庇得斯对拉辛的影响远甚于其他古希腊作者。但事实上,拉辛在创作前期将索福克勒斯奉为最佳悲剧诗人典范,即便改写欧里庇得斯也有意否认其影响。自《伊菲革涅亚》起,拉辛转而公开自封为欧里庇得斯的当世唯一传人。拉辛参考亚里士多德的《诗学》亦相应地从单纯的文艺理论借鉴转为沉思戏剧教化问题。拉辛与古希腊悲剧传统的渊源微妙复杂,与路易十四年代文坛论辩有着深刻内在关联。Abstract: The relation between the seventeenth-century French dramatist and the tragedian of ancient Greece has received scant critical attention,though four of Jean Racine's plays are largely based on works by Euripides.Yet before he claims to be the only disciple of Euripides in Iphigenia's preface,Racine considers the works of Sophocles as the perfect example of tragedy.Through a careful study of Racine's dramatic works,polemical essays,correspondence and specially his early notes on Greek authors,this article tries to examine this change of attitude that may have a connection with Racine's reference and application of Aristotle's Poetics.
-
Key words:
- Jean Racine /
- Sophocles /
- Euripides /
- Aristotle’s Poetics
-
[1] Alonge, Tristan.“Racine à l’école d’Aristote : Théoricien, Poète.” In Effet Propre de la Tragédie-de l'humanisme aux [2] Lumières. Paris: Université Paris 8, 2012. [3] Barthes, Roland. Sur Racine. Paris: Seuil, 1963. [4] Bloch, Oscar and Walther Von Wartburg. Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Française. Paris: PUF, 2004, s. v.“Entry [5] Classique.” [6] Boileau, Nicolas.“Épitre, VII, v. 1-6.” In Œuvres Complètes. Paris: Gallimard, Pléiade. [7] ——.“Art Poétique, III, v. 25.” Œuvres Poétiques. Paris: Libraire Hachette, 1935. [8] Callières, François de. Histoire Poétique de la Guerre Nouvellement Déclarée Entre les Anciens et les Modernes. Paris: [9] Aubouin, 1688. [10] Fièvre, Paul.“Racine en Querelles.” Littératures classiques 81 (2013). [11] Goldmann, Lucien. In Le Dieu caché. Étude sur la Vision Tragique dans les Pensées de Pascal et dans le Théâtre de [12] Racine. Paris: Gallimard, 1959. [13] Molière.“Écoles des Femmes.” Œuvres Complètes. Tome 1. Paris: Gallimard, Pléiade, 1932. [14] Perrault, Charles.“Critique de L’opéra, ou Examen de la Tragédie Intitulée Alceste ou le Triomphe d’Alcide.” In Philippe [15] Quinault. Alceste. Genève: Droz, 1994. [16] Racine, Jean. Œuvres Complètes. Tome 2, Prose. Edited by Raymond Picard. Paris: Gallimard, Pléiade, 1952. [17] Racine, Louis.“Mémoires sur la Vie de Jean Racine.” In Jean Racine, Œuvres Complètes. Tome I, Théâtre et Poésie. [18] Edited by Georges Forestier. Paris: Gallimard, Pléiade, 1999. [19] Voltaire.“De la Bonne Tragédie Française.” In Dictionnaire Philosophique. Tome 1. Paris: Garnier, 1879. [20] 亚里士多德:《诗学》(447b-1448a),罗念生译,见《罗念生全集》第1卷,上海:人民出版社, 2004年。 [21] [ Aristotle. Poetics (447b-1448a). Translated by LUO Niansheng. In Luoniansheng quanji (Complete Works of Luo [22] Niansheng). Vol. 1. Shanghai: Shanghai People’s Publishing House, 2004.] [23] 贝西埃等:《诗学史》上卷,史忠义译,开封:河南大学出版社, 2010年。 [24] [ Bessiere, Jean. The History of Poetics. Vol. 1. Translated by SHI Zhongyi. Kaifeng: Henan University Press, 2010.] [25] 基尔克果:《恐惧与战栗》,赵翔译,北京:华夏出版社, 2014年。 [26] [ Kierkegaard, Soren Aabye. Fear and Trembling. Translated by ZHAO Xiang. Beijing: Huaxia Publishing House, 2014.] [27] 刘小枫:《巫阳招魂:亚里士多德论诗》(未刊讲义稿)。 [28] [ LIU Xiaofeng.“Wuyang zhaohun: Yalishiduode lunshi” (The Soul of Wuyang: Aristotle’s Poetics) (Unpublished lecture [29] notes).] [30] ——:《古今之争的历史僵局》,见斯威夫特:《图书馆的古今之争》,北京:华夏出版社,2015年。 [31] [ ——.“Gujin zhizheng de lishi jiangju” (Historical Deadlock in the Dispute between Ancient and Modern Times). [32] In Jonathan Swift. Tushuguan de gujin zhizheng (The Battle Between the Ancient and the Modern Books in Library). [33] Beijing: Huaxia Publishing House, 2015.] [34] 柏拉图:《理想国》(392c5),王扬译注,北京:华夏出版社, 2013年。 [35] [ Plato. Republic. Translated by WANG Yang. Beijing: Huaxia Publishing House, 2013.] [36] 圣勃夫:《圣勃夫文学批评文选》,范希衡译,南京:南京大学出版社, 2016年。 [37] [ Sainte-Beuve, Charles A.. Shengbofu wenxue piping wenxuan (Selected Literary Criticism by Sainte-Beuve). Translated [38] by FAN Xiheng. Nanjing: Nanjing University Press, 2016.] [39] 司汤达:《拉辛与莎士比亚》,王道乾译,上海:上海人民出版社, 2006年。 [40] [ Stendhal. Racine and Shakespeare. Translated by WANG Daoqian. Shanghai: Shanghai People’s Publishing House, [41] 2006.]
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 434
- HTML全文浏览量: 43
- PDF下载量: 294
- 被引次数: 0