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马若瑟与中国传统戏曲——从马译《赵氏孤儿》谈起

李奭学

李奭学. 马若瑟与中国传统戏曲——从马译《赵氏孤儿》谈起[J]. 国际比较文学, 2019, 2(2): 169-205.
引用本文: 李奭学. 马若瑟与中国传统戏曲——从马译《赵氏孤儿》谈起[J]. 国际比较文学, 2019, 2(2): 169-205.
LI Sher-shiueh. The Orphan of Zhao: Joseph de Prémare in the Context of Traditional Chinese Drama[J]. International Comparative Literature, 2019, 2(2): 169-205.
Citation: LI Sher-shiueh. The Orphan of Zhao: Joseph de Prémare in the Context of Traditional Chinese Drama[J]. International Comparative Literature, 2019, 2(2): 169-205.

马若瑟与中国传统戏曲——从马译《赵氏孤儿》谈起

The Orphan of Zhao: Joseph de Prémare in the Context of Traditional Chinese Drama

  • 摘要: 马若瑟所译“元曲”《赵氏孤儿》(1731)是第一部西传的中国纯文学著作,1735年杜赫德首先将之收入所编《中华帝国全志》。自此以来,近人如儒莲、艾田蒲、范存忠与今人如伊维德等每诟之。据他们所见,马译舛误颇多,其中最大的一点,厥为马若瑟缺译全剧曲词,且他对中国戏曲所知有限。本文据这些论点重审马译,认为马若瑟读过不少中国传统戏曲,而所谓马译阙译曲词,恐怕也值得商榷。以后者而论,本文认为马若瑟至少透过重编,译过四阙曲牌。他多数曲牌阙译,原因有二︰其一是船期在即,马若瑟仅有七八天可译《赵氏孤儿》,因此来不及如数译之。其次,他有信致当时皇家美文与铭文学院院士傅尔蒙,提及由傅氏补足全文阙译处,即使由傅氏挂名刊出也无妨。至于马若瑟的中国戏曲知识,本文据马著《汉语札记》,认为论者过于轻忽,北曲南戏马若瑟所读不少,前者至少包括《元曲选》中的包公戏、神仙道化剧与水浒剧三类,后者之大者乃《笠翁十种曲》中李渔所谱至少半数的剧目。历来论者对马译的恶评,因此恐有言重之嫌。
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