从欧洲比较语言史看语族概念的形成

达尼尔·贝提; 萧盈盈

从欧洲比较语言史看语族概念的形成

巴黎高等师范学校

计量
- 文章访问数: 348
- HTML全文浏览量: 30
- PDF下载量: 702
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-05-06
- 刊出日期: 2021-03-09

The Formation of the Concept of Language Family from the Perspective of Comparative Language History in Europe

Daniel Petit,

Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS)

摘要

摘要: 本文旨在梳理古今欧洲比较语言史。古希腊语和拉丁语在整个比较语言史上的存在感较低，且鉴于中世纪对《圣经》模式的痴迷，希伯来语一直被当做世界语言的起源，而欧洲文艺复兴则见证了以史前欧洲语言进化过程为研究对象的纷繁学说的崛起。直到19世纪这些学说才被系统化和理论化，人们也开始以科学的眼光定义语族。到了20世纪，语族这一研究方法逐渐被衍生的其他方法论所取代，其中包括地理语言学、类型语言学或认知语言学等。
- 语言学 /
- 比较语法 /
- 印欧语系 /
- 语言的比较 /
- 语族
Abstract: This article aims to provide a brief overview of the different milestones of language comparison in Europe from Antiquity to the present day. Whereas Ancient Greeks and Latins were relatively indifferent to language comparison and scholars of the Middle Ages stuck to a Biblical model treating Hebrew as the source of all the world’s languages, the European Renaissance saw the mushrooming of various new theories regarding the linguistic prehistory of Europe. Only in the nineteenth century were these theories elaborated in a rational framework, allowing linguistic families to be identified on a scientific basis. In the twentieth century, the notion of the linguistic family was accompanied, and sometimes superseded, by other approaches to linguistics, such as geographical, typological, or cognitive linguistics.
- linguistics /
- comparative grammar /
- Indo-European /
- language comparison /
- language family

HTML全文

参考文献(23)

[1]	Amsterdamska, Olga. Schools of Thought: The Development of Linguistics from Bopp to Saussure. Dordrecht: Springer,
[2]	1987.
[3]	Arens, Hans. Sprachwissenschaft: Der Gang ihrer Entwicklung von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart. Freiburg, München:
[4]	Karl Alber Freiburg, 1969.
[5]	Auroux, Sylvain. History of the Language Sciences. 3 Volumes. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, 1989-2006.
[6]	Céard, Jean.“De Babel à la Pentecôte: la transformation du mythe de la confusion des langues au XVIe siècle.”In
[7]	Bibliothèque d’humanisme et Renaissance 42 (1981): 577-94.
[8]	Droixhe, Daniel. La linguistique et l’appel de l’histoire (1600-1800): Rationalisme et révolutions positivistes. Genève,
[9]	Paris: Librairie Droz, 1978.
[10]	——. Souvenirs de Babel. La reconstruction de l’histoire des langues de la Renaissance aux Lumières. Bruxelles: Académie royale de langue et de littérature françaises de Belgique, 2007.
[11]	Gabba, Emilio.“Il latino come dialetto greco.”In Mélanges. Edited by Augusto Rostagni. Torino Chiantore, 1963, 188-94.
[12]	Kuntz, Marion L. Guillaume Postel, Prophet of a Restitution of All Things: His Life and Thought. The Hague: Nijhoff,
[13]	1981.
[14]	Lepschy, Giulio C, ed. Storia della linguistica. 3 Volumes. Bologna: Società editrice il Mulino, 1990.
[15]	Malmberg, Bertil. Histoire de la linguistique de Sumer à Saussure. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1991.
[16]	Morpurgo Davies, Anna. Nineteenth-Century Linguistics. London, New York: Routledge, 1998.
[17]	Olender, Maurice.“L’Europe des langues. Vagina nationum.”In La Chasse aux évidences. Sur quelques formes de racisme
[18]	entre mythe et histoire. Paris: Editions Galaade, 2005, 111-43.
[19]	Pedersen, Holger. The Discovery of Language: Linguistic Science in the Nineteenth Century. Bloomington: Indiana
[20]	University Press, 1962.
[21]	Rabault-Feuerhahn, Pascale. L’Archive des Origines. Sanskrit, philologie, anthropologie dans l’Allemagne du XIXe siècle.
[22]	Paris: Cerf, 2008.
[23]	Tagliavini, Carlo. Panorama di storia della linguistica. Bologna: Patron, 1968.