Translation and the Heritage of Postcolonial Studies
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摘要: 本文指出殖民主义理论中的独立概念是由与普通民众毫无接触的阶级群体提出的。由这一群体强制推行的民主制度因此极其脆弱而倾向于分崩离析，更为古老的前殖民结构乘虚而入，从而使政体进一步瓦解。印度的后殖民主义便是一个典型案例。文中给出的解决方案是推进针对广大选民的全面教育，尽管目前还只能视其为一种梦想。文章接着探讨了塔拉勒·阿萨德的《世俗的翻译》一书：阿萨德将人类学田野调查作为深入接触他者的一种有效方式，更将每场古兰经的诵读升华为翻译。本文将这一升华过程同认识论联系起来，并将其解读为超越学科视角的人文实践。这里提供的解决方案仍然是以底层和精英阶层为目标，推行想象行动主义的全面教育。本文紧接着引用了笔者在大阪被授予“日本京都奖”后所作的一篇演讲——演讲认为，翻译是一种实践活动而非仅仅是一种方便沟通的手段。文末借爱德华·格里桑和加里·奥基希洛之口试读了历史的“混杂性”，并倡议从民族主义的语言思维到群岛思维的转变：我们逐渐理解世界是一个岛屿；而在全球范围内，通过类比，意识到我们皆身处语言的孤岛之上，漂泊在踪迹的海洋之中。Abstract: This essay suggests that independence from colonialism is brought in by groups that are not in class contact with the general population. Therefore, the democracy imposed by this group comes undone and older, pre-colonial structures of power come in to underguard the polity. Indian postcoloniality can offer an example. The solution suggested is a holistic education of the largest sectors of the electorate, although at the moment it can only be entertained as a dream. Next, Talal Asad's Secular Translations is considered. This book offers anthropological fieldwork as a way of accessing the other. Asad sublates this into a reading of each Q'uranic recitation as an occasion of translation. This article connects that sublation to epistemological performance as the practice of the humanities beyond the discipline. The solution offered is of teaching imaginative activism, again holistically from the subaltern to the elite. The essay next cites a speech given in Osaka right after the presentation of the Kyoto prize to the author—which offers translation as activity rather than convenience. In conclusion, by way of Édouard Glissant and Gary Okihiro, the article suggests an understanding of history as creolity and a shift from nationalist language thinking to archipelagic thinking,where we understand that the world is an island, and that, by analogy, in globality,we are in islands of language in an ocean of traces.
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Key words:
- heritage /
- postcolonial studies /
- translation
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[1] Althusser, Louis.Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays.Translated by Ben Brewster.New York:Monthly Review,[1968]2007. [2] Asad, Talal.Secular Translations:Nation-State, Modern Self, and Calculative Reason.New York:Columbia University Press, 2018. [3] Derrida, Jacques.Rogues:Two Essays on Reason.Translated by Pascale-Anne Brault and Michael Naas.Stanford:Stanford University Press,[2003]2005. [4] Dickinson, Peter.The Poison Oracle.New York:Pantheon, 1974. [5] Glissant, Édouard.Introduction to a Poetics of Diversity.Translated by Celia Britton.Liverpool:Liverpool University Press,[1996]2020. [6] Gramsci, Antonio.Quaderni del carcere(Prison Notebooks).Vol.terzo, Quaderni 12-29(1932-1935).Torino:Einaudi,[1975]2007. [7] Guha, Ramachandra.Gandhi Before India.London:Allen Lane, 2013. [8] MacMillan, Margaret.War:How Conflict Shaped Us.New York:Random House, 2010. [9] Malik, Sayed Abdul.Rupabarir Palas.Calcutta:Bijoli Press, 1980. [10] Marx, Karl. "The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte." In Surveys from Exile.Translated by Ben Fowkes.New York:Verso,[1852]2010, 143-249. [11] Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. "Appendix:Prefaces to Various Language Edition." In The Communist Manifesto.Translated by Samuel Moore.London:Pluto Press, 2017, 104-28. [12] Okihiro, Gary.The Boundless Sea:Self and History.Oakland:University of California Press, 2019. [13] Seth, Sanjay. "Lenin's Reformulation of Marxism:the Colonial Question as a National Question." History of Political Thought 13.i(Spring 1992):99-128. -
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