The Possibility of Qiao-Yiology in Literature: On the Structure of Space and Time in Time-Travel Fiction
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摘要: 随着侨易学的理论建设逐步完善,在文学研究中使用侨易学方法论逐渐取得普适性,经由大量个案验证,文学与侨易学的学科互涉成为可能。文学世界中的侨易现象较现实世界更加多元,同时又与现实世界关系紧密,这种复杂多变的侨易现象不但充实扩展了侨易学理论,而且为阐释文本、批评研究文学史的传统方法开辟了新路径。穿越文学中特有的逆时空侨易现象就是其中较为独特的一种,以典型的穿越文本《康州美国佬在亚瑟王朝》为例,举证“时间迁变—物质位移—精神质变”的时空错序侨易现象及其对研究文学世界与现实世界关系的作用。文学世界的侨易现象为理解整体文学世界的重要一步,侨易学为我们提供了分析现实世界中从物质位移(时间维度和空间维度在现实世界的物质位移是合二为一的)联系精神质变的思路,而文学世界中,可将时间维度单独剥离出来,形成了“时间迁变—物质位移(空间迁变)—精神质变”的时空错序侨易现象,两个时空的牵连、互动、影响以及侨易主体在其中的多元与消解是文学侨易学理论及相关文学批评方法的核心内容。文学侨易学对时空结构的分析是将时间的变化和空间的变化作为“变”之现象的大前提,即将时间和空间的重要变量功能作为分析现实层面的时空结构和时空结构异于现实的文学世界中的侨易现象的核心要素。Abstract: As the theory of Qiao-Yi is being improved, it becomes normal to apply Qiao-Yiology in the study of literature. Addressing numerous examples, this paper attempts to connect Qiao-Yiology and literature at a disciplinary level. QiaoYi phenomena in the literary world are diversified and yet connected to the real world. This will help to fulfill the contents of Qiao-Yi, invent a new interpretation of time-travel fiction, and open new avenues for literary criticism. The space-time inverse in time-travel fiction is one unique kind of Qiao-Yi phenomenon. It exists in Mark Twain's A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, which demonstrates three elements(time, space, and spirit) in space-time inversing Qiao-Yi phenomena and their use for analysing the relationship between the literary world and the real world. The Qiao-Yi phenomenon in the literary world is an important step in understanding literature as a whole, and the theory of Qiao-Yi provides us with the idea of analyzing the real world from material displacement(time and space dimensions being combined into one in the real world) to spiritual change. In the literary world, the temporal dimension can be separated, forming the phenomenon of “temporal change—material displacement(spatial change)—spiritual quality change,” and the implication, interaction, and influence of the two temporal dimensions, as well as the plurality and dissolution of the subjects in them, are the core contents of Qiao-Yiology in literature and related literary-critical methods. The analysis of the spatio-temporal structure in Qiao-Yiology in literature takes the change of time and space as the major premise of the phenomenon of “change,” and the important variable functions of time and space as the core elements of the analysis of the spatio-temporal structure at the level of reality and the phenomenon of Qiao-Yi in the literary world where the spatio-temporal structure is different from reality.
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