解译战后美国犹太人的沉默：辛西娅&#183;奥兹克的《披肩》

陈书平

doi:10.19857/j.cnki.ICL.20214405

解译战后美国犹太人的沉默：辛西娅·奥兹克的《披肩》

doi: 10.19857/j.cnki.ICL.20214405

陈书平^,

中山大学

详细信息

作者简介:
陈书平,中山大学外国语学院博士后,先后于澳门大学人文学院英文系获得文学硕士学位和哲学博士学位。主要研究方向为美国犹太大屠杀文学、英国哥特文学以及西方文论。

通讯作者:
陈书平,E-mail:jasminechen0926@163.com

计量
- 文章访问数: 142
- HTML全文浏览量: 38
- PDF下载量: 16
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-21
- 录用日期: 2021-06-09

Deciphering the Silence of Postwar American Jewry: Cynthia Ozick's The Shawl

CHEN Shuping^,

Sun Yat-sen University

摘要

摘要: 沉默是犹太大屠杀研究的一个关键议题，而战后美国犹太社区关于大屠杀的反应至今仍是一个有争议的话题。美国犹太女作家辛西娅·奥兹克和她的代表作《披肩》为战后美国犹太社区打破沉默做出了积极的贡献。由于宗教、历史和社会政治原因，战后美国犹太社区被指责患有一种集体的“大屠杀健忘症”。奥兹克的文学创作旅程同样经历了从回避大屠杀到直面大屠杀的转变。作为奥兹克打破沉默的“文学宣言”，《披肩》以“沉默”为主题揭示了“想象的”大屠杀幸存者罗莎·卢布林在大屠杀前、大屠杀期间和大屠杀后的创伤生活的全景。本文移植了劳伦斯·兰格的“先发制人”的概念旨在重新思考战后美国犹太社区的历史语境，以及重新评价大屠杀再现的伦理问题。“先发制人”指利用犹太大屠杀作为一种人文教训来实现道德救赎或宣扬更高的价值观。为避免误入“先发制人”可能带入的歧途，奥兹克整合犹太教义的“记忆”戒律、米德拉什的叙事风格和哈西德派关于“纯粹意图”的传说独创出一种“合格”的大屠杀文学写作策略。
- 沉默 /
- 战后美国犹太人 /
- 辛西娅· /
- 奥兹克 /
- 《披肩》 /
- 劳伦斯· /
- 兰格 /
- 先发制人
Abstract: Silence is a crucial topic in Holocaust studies, and the response of American Jews to the Holocaust immediately after the Second World War remains a polemical issue. The Jewish American female writer Cynthia Ozick and her representative The Shawl perform a positive act of breaking the postwar silence. Due to religious, historical, and socio-political reasons, American Jews have been accused of collective Holocaust amnesia in the postwar era. Ozick has also undergone the transition from shunning the Holocaust to confronting the event steadfastly. As Ozick's "literary manifesto" of breaking the silence, The Shawl offers the panorama of the imagined Holocaust survivor-Rosa Lublin's traumatic life before, during, and after the Holocaust based on the thematic topic of silence.Lawrence Langer's concept of "preempting" the Holocaust is transplanted to offer the conceptual basis for reconsidering the historical context of postwar America and reevaluating the ethics of Holocaust representation. "Preempting" the Holocaust refers to gestures that take advantage of the Holocaust as a humanistic lesson to achieve moral redemption and to promote higher values. Ozick, inheriting the Jewish doctrine of Zakhor, the midrashic style of narrative, and the Hasidic legend of "pure intention," manages to contrive her own writing strategies for Holocaust representation without falling into the wrong path of "preempting" this unprecedented calamity in human history.
- silence /
- postwar American Jewry /
- Cynthia Ozick /
- The Shawl /
- Lawrence Langer /
- preempt /

HTML全文

参考文献(34)

[1]	Adorno,Theodor W.Negative Dialectics.Translated by E.B.Ashton.London and New York:Routledge,2004.
[2]	——."Cultural Criticism and Society." In Prisms.Translated by Samuel Weber and Shieny Weber Nicholsen.Cambridge,MA.:Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press,1981,17-34.
[3]	Alkana,Joseph."Do We Not Know the Meaning of Aesthetic Gratification?:Cynthia Ozick's The Shawl,the Akedah,and the Ethics of Holocaust Literary Aesthetics." Modern Fiction Studies 43,no.4(1997):963-90.
[4]	Brauner,David."Breaking the Silences:Jewish-American Women Writing the Holocaust." The Yearbook of English Studies 3 1(2001):24-38.
[5]	Browning,Christopher.Nazi Policy,Jewish Workers,German Killers.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2000.
[6]	Budick,Emily Miller." The Holocaust in the Jewish American Literary Imagination." The Cambridge Companion to Jewish American Literature.Edited by Hana Wirth-Nesher and Michael P.Kramer.Cambridge,U.K.:Cambridge University Press,2003,212-30.
[7]	Diner,Hasia R."Post-World-War-Ⅱ American Jewry and the Confrontation with Catastrophe." American Jewish History 91,no.3(2003):439-67.
[8]	Friedman,Lawrence S.Understanding Cynthia Ozick.Columbia:University of South Carolina,1991.
[9]	Goldfrad,Keren."Echoes:A Preface".In The Call ofM emory:Learning about the Holocaust through Narrative:An Anthology.Edited by Karen Shawn and Keren Goldfrad.Teaneck,NJ:Ben Yehuda,2008,xiii-vii.
[10]	Kauvar,Elaine M.Cynthia Ozick's Fiction:Tradition and Invention.Bloomington:Indiana University Press,1993.
[11]	Kaye,Melanie/Kantrowitz."Stayed on Freedom:Jews in the Civil Rights Movement and After." In The Narrow Bridge:Jewish Views on Multiculturalism.Edited by Marla Brettschneider.New Brunswick,NJ:Rutgers University Press,1996,105-22.
[12]	Langer,Lawrence.Preempting the Holocaust.New Haven:Yale University Press,1998.
[13]	Levi,Primo.If This Is a Man;And,the Truce.London:Abacus,1987.
[14]	Lowin,Joseph.Cynthia Ozick.Boston:Twayne,1988.
[15]	Mikics,David.Slow Reading in a Hurried Age.Cambridge,MA:Belknap of Harvard University Press,2013.
[16]	Mintz,Alan L.Popular Culture and the Shaping of Holocaust Memory in America.Seattle:University of Washington,2001.
[17]	Ozick,Cynthia."A Life in Writing:Cynthia Ozick." Interview by Emma Brockes.The Guardian,July 2,2011.http://www.theguardian.com/culture/201 1/j ul/04/cynthia-ozick-life-writing-interviewr[December 18,2020].
[18]	——."An Interview with Cynthia Ozick." Interview by Dana Gioia.The Big Read,August 9,2007.http://www.neabigread.org/books/theshawl/readers-guide/,[December 18,2020].
[19]	——."The Many Faces of Cynthia Ozick." Interview by Katie Bolick.The Atlantic,May 15,1997.http://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/unbound/factfict/ozick.htm,[December 18,2020].
[20]	——.The Shawl.New York:Vintage Books,1990.
[21]	——."Being Nice or Rotten in Writing." Interview by Richard Bernstein.The New York Times,October 2,1989.http://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/03/books/being-nice-or-rotten-in-writing.html,[December 18,2020].
[22]	——."Roundtable Discussion." In Writing and the Holocaust.Edited by Berel Lang.New York:Holmes & Meier,1988,277-84.
[23]	——."Cynthia Ozick,The Art of Fiction No.95." Interview by Tom Teicholz.Paris Review,Issue 102,1987.http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/2693/the-art-of-fiction-no-95-cynthia-ozick,[December 18,2020].
[24]	——."Cynthia Ozick's Rabbinical Approach to Literature." Interview by Mervyn Mervyn Rothstein.The New York Times,March 24,1987.http://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/25/books/cynthia-ozick-s-rabbinical-approach-toliterature.html,[December 18,2020].
[25]	——."An Interview with Cynthia Ozick." Interview by Elaine M.Kauvar.Contemporary Literature 26,no.4(1985):375-401.
[26]	——."Envy;Or,Yiddish in America——A Novella." Commentary Magazine RSS.January 11,1969.http://www.commentarymagazine.com/article/e nvy-or-yiddish-in-america-a-novella/,[December 18,2020].
[27]	——."The Pagan Rabbi." The Hudson Review 19,no.3(1966):425-54.Rosen,Norma.Accidents of Influence:Writing as a Woman and a Jew in America.New York:State University of New York Press,1992.
[28]	——.Touching Evil.Detroit:Wayne State University Press,1990.
[29]	Rosenberg,Meisha."Cynthia Ozick's Post-Holocaust Fiction:Narration and Morality in the Midrashic Mode." Les Cahiers De La Nouvelle:Journal of the Short Story in English 32(1999):1 12-27.
[30]	Rothberg,Michael."'We Were Talking Jewish':Art Spiegelman's Mans as Holocaust Production." Contemporary Literature 35,no.4(1994):661-87.
[31]	Rubin,Steven J."American Jewish Writing in the Eighties." MELUS 8,no.3(1981):5-10.
[32]	Shapiro,Edward S.A Time for Healing:American Jewry since World War II.Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press,1992.
[33]	Sivan,Miriam.Belonging Too Well:Portraits of Identity in Cynthia Ozick's Fiction.Albany:State University of New York Press,2009.
[34]	Sundquist,E.J."Witness without End?" American Literary History 19,no.1(2006):65-85.