民初“兴味派”小说家与西方文学

孙超

doi:10.19857/j.cnki.ICL.20225204

民初“兴味派”小说家与西方文学

doi: 10.19857/j.cnki.ICL.20225204

孙超^,

上海师范大学

基金项目:

本文系国家社会科学基金重大项目“民国话体文学批评文献整理与研究”（项目编号：15ZDB79）阶段性成果。

详细信息

作者简介:
孙超,文学博士,上海师范大学人文学院教授、上海市"数字人文资源建设与研究"重点创新团队骨干成员。主要从事明清近代小说史的研究。

通讯作者:
孙超,E-mail:sunchao@shnu.edu.cn

计量
- 文章访问数: 46
- HTML全文浏览量: 16
- PDF下载量: 29
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-12
- 录用日期: 2022-05-31

On the “Xingwei School” Novelists and Western Literature in the Early Republic of China

SUN Chao^,

Shanghai Normal University

摘要

摘要: “五四”时期，由于民初“兴味派”小说家有赓续传统的一面而被完全向西转的“新文学家”视为“旧派”，这显然遮蔽了他们面向西方文学的开放心态。这种开放心态主要表现为三个方面。第一，民初“兴味派”小说家高度重视西方小说译介。他们大多直接从事西方小说翻译，其中不乏译界名家，不仅翻译了大量西方小说作品，还运用手中掌控的主流报刊大量登载西方小说译作。他们以兴味为主选择翻译对象，以短篇小说译介导夫先路，还对翻译方法进行了探讨。第二，民初“兴味派”小说家开始进行较为系统的西方小说研究以及中西小说比较研究。他们热衷于向读者介绍西方小说界情况及名家名作，并以平等态度考察中西方小说的特点和优劣，初步具备了世界文学眼光。第三，民初“兴味派”小说家积极向西方文学借镜创作小说。他们主动接受西方小说观念，结合本国小说“兴味”观念，形成了追求兴味审美的创作新风尚；广泛借鉴西方小说技巧力促固有小说文体发生新变、并创生出新文体；大量吸收西方小说营养，在继承传统基础上创作出当时最流行的类型小说；以西方短篇小说为参照，推助本国短篇小说创作繁荣和现代转型。据实而论，即使以学习西方文学为新，我们也应该为其撕下“旧派”的标签。
- 民初“兴味派”小说家 /
- 西方文学 /
- 开放心态
Abstract: During the May 4th Movement, "Xingwei School" novelists in the early Republic of China were regarded as the "old school" by the "new writers," which obviously obscured their open mentality towards Western literature. This open mentality is mainly manifested in three aspects. First, "Xingwei School" novelists in the early Republic of China highly valued the translation of Western novels. Most of them were directly engaged in it, and some were famous translators. They not only translated a large number of Western novels, but also used the mainstream newspapers they controlled to publish numerous translations of Western novels. They chose their objects of translation with interest, guided by the translation of short stories, and their method of translation is discussed in this article. Second, these novelists began to conduct relatively systematic comparative studies of Western novels and Chinese novels. They were keen to introduce to readers the situation of the Western novel world and famous works, and examine the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of Chinese and Western novels with an equal attitude, and initially had the vision of a world literature. Third, these novelists actively learned from Western literature to create novels. They took the initiative to accept the concepts of Western novels, combined with the concept of "interest" in their own novels, and formed a new creative style of pursuing the aesthetics of interest;they extensively adopted Western novel techniques to promote new changes in the existing novel style and create a new style;and they absorbed a great deal of sustenance from Western novels, and created the most popular genre novels at that time by inheriting their own tradition. They also used the Western short story as a reference to promote the proliferation and modern transformation of domestic short story writing. In fact, even if learning from Western literature has always been deemed a new approach to literature, we should not forget to tear off the label of the "old school" from the "Xingwei School" novelists.
- “Xingwei School” novelists in the early Republic of China /
- Western literature /
- open mentality

HTML全文

参考文献(35)

[1]	包天笑:《钏影楼回忆录》, 香港:大华出版社, 1971年, 第380页。[BAO Tianxiao.Chuan Ying Lou huiyi lu(The Memories of Chuan Ying Lou).Hong Kong:Dahua Press, 1971, 380.]
[2]	——:《〈小说大观〉例言》, 《小说大观》1915年第1集, 第1页。[——. "Xiaoshuo daguan liyan" (Preface to Grand View of the Novel).Xiaoshuo Daguan(Grand View of the Novel) 1(1915):1.]
[3]	陈景新:《小说学》, 上海:明星社, 1924年。[CHEN Jingxin.Xiaoshuo xue(Theory of the Novel).Shanghai:Star Publisher, 1924.]
[4]	陈平原:《中国现代小说的起点:清末民初小说研究》, 北京:北京大学出版社, 2005年。[CHEN Pingyuan.Zhongguo xiandai xiaoshuo de qidian:qingmo minchu xiaoshuo yanjiu(The Starting Point of Modern Chinese Novels:A Study of Novels in Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China).Beijing:Peking University Press, 2005.]
[5]	陈钧:《小说丛谈》, 《时报》, 1922年4月21日。[CHEN Jun. "Xiaoshuo congtan" (Discussion on the Novel).Shi bao(The Times), April 21, 1922.]
[6]	成之:《小说丛话》, 《中华小说界》1914年第1卷第3、8期, 第5、58页。[CHENG Zhi. "Xiaoshuo conghua" (Discourses on the Novel).Zhonghua xiaoshuojie(Chinese Novel World) 1, no.3&8 (1914):5, 58.]
[7]	大觉:《稗屑》, 《民国日报》, 1919年4月6日。[DA Jue. "Bai xie" (Novel Scrap).Minguo ribao(Republic Daily), April 6, 1919.]
[8]	管达如:《说小说》, 《小说月报》1912年第3卷第9期, 第1-3页。[GUAN Daru. "Shuo xiaoshuo" (Talking about Fiction).Xiaoshuo yuebao(Fiction Monthly) 3, no.9(1912 ):1-3.]
[9]	觉我:《余之小说观》, 《小说林》1908年第9期, 第3页。[Jue Wo. "Yu zhi xiaoshuoguan" (My Perspective on the Novel).Xiaoshuolin(Novel Forest) 9(1908):3. ]
[10]	李德超、邓静:《清末民初对外国短篇小说的译介(1898-1919) 》, 《中国翻译》2003年第6期, 第40-46页[LI Dechao, DENG Jing. "Qingmo minchu dui waiguo duanpian xiaoshuo de yijie(1898-1919) " (Translation of Foreign Short Stories in Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China(1898 -1919)).Zhongguo fanyi(Chinese Translation) 6(2003):40-46.]
[11]	陆国飞:《清末民初翻译小说目录(1840-1919) 》, 上海:上海交通大学出版社, 2018年。[LU Guofei.Qingmo minchu fanyi xiaoshuo mulu(1840-1919) (Catalogue of Translated Novels of Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China[1840 -1919]).Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University Press, 2018.]
[12]	绿天翁(孙毓修):《绿天清话·译文》, 《小说月报》1912年第3卷第12期, 第1页。[LüTian Weng(SUN Yuxiu). "Lütian qinghua· ;yiwen" (Pure Conversation under Green Firmament:Translation).Xiaoshuo yuebao(Fiction Monthly) 3, no.12(1912):1.]
[13]	冥飞、海鸣等:《古今小说评林》, 上海:民权出版社, 1919年。[Ming Fei, Hai Ming.Gujin xiaoshuo pinglin(Comment on Ancient and Modern Novels).Shanghai:Civil Rights Press, 1919.]
[14]	梅影簃主:《小说闲评》, 《申报》, 1921年4月10日、5月1日。[Mei Ying Yi Zhu. "Xiaoshuo xianping" (Fiction Reviews).Shenbao(Shun Pao), April 10&May 1, 1921. ]
[15]	纳川:《小说丛话》, 《中华小说界》1916年第3卷第6期。[Na Chuan. "Xiaoshuo conghua" (Discourses on the Novel).Zhonghua xiaoshuojie(Chinese Novel World) 3, no.6(1916 ).]
[16]	秋月柳影:《小说杂谈》, 《小说日报》, 1923年5月8日。[Qiuyue liuying. "Xiaoshuo zatan" (Miscellaneous Talks about Fiction).Xiaoshuo ribao(Fiction Daily), May8, 1923.]
[17]	孙超:《论传统小说文体在民初的通变》, 《中山大学学报(社会科学版) 》2021年第4期, 第83-93页。[SUN Chao. "Lun chuantong xiaoshuo wenti zai minchu de tongbian" (On the Changes of Traditional Novel Style in the Early Republic of China).Zhongshan daxue xuebao(shehui kexueban) (Journal of Sun Yatsen University[Social Science Edition]) 4(2021):83 -93.]
[18]	——:《释 "兴味" 》, 《文艺理论研究》2018年第3期, 第151-159页。[——. "Sh ‘ixingwei’ " (The interpretation of "Xingwei").Wenyi lilun yanjiu(Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art) 3(2018):151-59.]
[19]	——:《专业眼光·才子笔墨·哀为主调——论周瘦鹃的翻译小说》, 《中南大学学报(社会科学版) 》2015年第2期, 第188-195页。[——. "Zhuanye yanguang·caizi bimo·ai wei zhudiao——lun zhou shoujuan de fanyi xiaoshuo" (Professional Taste, Gifted Skills and Sad Tone:On Zhou Shoujuan's Translations).Zhongnan daxue xuebao(shehui kexueban) (Journal of Central South University[Social Science Edition]) 2(2015):188-95.]
[20]	——:《民初 "兴味派 "五大名家论(1912-1923) 》, 上海:社会科学院出版社, 2014年。[——.Minchu "xingwei pai" wuda mingjia lun(1912-1923) (On Five Famou "sXingwei" Scholars of the Ear-ly Republic of China[1912-1923]).Shanghai:Social Sciences Press, 2014.]
[21]	——:《论姚鹓雏 "文宗畏庐" 的编译小说》, 《中国文学研究》2014年第1期, 第63-71页。[——. "Lun yao yuanchu ‘wen zong wei lu’ de bianyi xiaoshuo" (An Analysis of Yao Yuanchu's Compiled Novels).Zhongguo wenxue yanjiu(Research of Chinese Literature) 1(2014):63-71.]
[22]	——:《 "兴味派":辛亥革命前后的主流小说家》, 《文学遗产》2013年第3期, 第137-148页。[——. "Xingwei pai":Xinhai geming qianhou de zhuliu xiaoshuojia" ("Xingwei Pai":Mainstream Novelists before and after the Revolution of 1911).Wenxue yichan(Literary Heritage) 3(2013):137-48.]
[23]	孙毓修:《欧美小说丛谈》, 上海:商务印书馆, 1916年, 第161页。[SUN Yuxiu.Oumei xiaoshuo congtan(Conversation on European and American Novels).Shanghai:The Commercial Press, 1916, 161.]
[24]	滕固:《译小说一席谈》, 《申报·自由谈·小说特刊》, 1921年4月3日。[TENG Gu. "Yi xiaoshuo yixitan" (A Discussion on Translated Novels).Shenbao·ziyou tan·xiaoshuo tekan(Shun Pao, Free-Talk, Special Journal of Novels), April 3 , 1921.]
[25]	天笑生:《〈小说画报〉短引》, 《小说画报》1917年第1期, 第1页。[Tian Xiao Sheng. "‘Xiaoshuo huabao’ duanyin" (Short Quote o "fFiction Pictorial").Xiaoshuo huabao(Fiction Pictorial) 1(1917):1. ]
[26]	王钝根:《〈欧美名家短篇小说丛刊〉钝根序》, 见《欧美名家短篇小说丛刊》, 上海:中华书局, 1918年。[WANG Dungen. "‘Oumei mingjia duanpian xiaoshuo congkan’ dungen xu" (Preface to European and American Famous Short Story Series).In Oumei mingjia duanpian xiaoshuo congkan(European and American Famous Short Story Series), Shanghai:Zhonghua Book Company, 1918.]
[27]	吴灵园:《小说闲评》, 《申报》, 1921年5月8日。[WU Lingyuan. "Xiaoshuo xianping" (Fiction Commentary).Shenbao(Shun Pao), May 8, 1921.]
[28]	解弢:《小说话》, 上海:中华书局, 1919年。[XIE Tao.Xiaoshuo hua(Fiction Notes).Shanghai:Zhonghua Book Company, 1919.]
[29]	姚赓夔:《小说杂谈》, 《星期》1922年第29期, 第1-7页。[YAO Gengkui. "Xiaoshuo zatan" (Miscellaneous Talks about Novels).Xing Qi(Week) 29(1992):1 -7.]
[30]	叶小凤:《小说杂论》, 见《小凤杂著》, 上海:新民图书馆, 1919年。[YE Xiaofeng. "Xiaoshuo zalun" (Fiction Miscellaneous).In Xiaofeng zazhu(Xiaofeng Miscellaneous), Shanghai:Xinmin Library, 1919.]
[31]	毅汉:《小说范作》, 《小说月报》1919年第10卷第1期, 第1-6页。[Yihan. "Xiaoshuo fanzuo" (Fiction Model).Xiaoshuo yuebao(Fiction Monthly) 10, no.1(1919 ):1-6.]
[32]	鹓雏:《说部摭谈》, 《晶报》, 1919年11月27日。[Yuan Chu. "Shuobu zhitan" (Talking about Novels).Jingbao(The Crystal), November 27, 1919.]
[33]	袁进:《试论近代翻译小说对言情小说的影响》, 《上海社会科学院学术季刊》1996年第3期, 第175页。[YUAN Jin. "Shilun jindai fanyi xiaoshuo dui yanqing xiaoshuo de yingxiang" (On the Influence of Modern Translation Novels on Romance Novels).Shanghai shehui kexueyuan xueshu jikan(Academic Quarterly of Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences) 3(1996):175. ]
[34]	曾朴:《复胡适信》, 见《胡适全集·第3卷》, 合肥:安徽教育出版社, 2003年, 第805-815页。[ZENG Pu. "Fu Hu Shi xin" (Reply to Hu Shi's Letter).In Hu Shi quanj(iCollected Writings of Hu Shi).Vol.3.Hefei:Anhui Education Press, 2003, 805 -15.]
[35]	周瘦鹃:《自由谈之自由谈》, 《申报》, 1921年2月13日、3月13日。[ZHOU Shoujuan. "Ziyoutan zhi ziyoutan" (Free Talk of Free Talk).Shenbao(Shun Pao), February 13&March 13, 1921. ]