中德当代成长小说的非人类中心思考——以夏兰斯基的《长颈鹿的脖子》与王安忆的《匿名》为例

郑家欣

doi:10.19857/j.cnki.ICL.20225208

中德当代成长小说的非人类中心思考——以夏兰斯基的《长颈鹿的脖子》与王安忆的《匿名》为例

doi: 10.19857/j.cnki.ICL.20225208

郑家欣^,

中山大学

基金项目:

本文系中山大学高校基本科研业务费青年教师团队项目（项目编号：2021qntd71）阶段性成果。

详细信息

作者简介:
郑家欣,中山大学外国语学院德语系博士后,助理研究员。研究方向为成长小说、旅行书写、女性写作、现代诗歌、中德文学关系。代表性成果为:德语专著《比较中德现代女性成长教育小说中的时间、历史与身份:以科恩的〈琪琪——我们中的一个〉与茅盾的〈虹〉为例》(德国Ergon出版社2019年出版),德语论文《歌德〈浮士德〉对冯至四十年代诗风转变的影响》(2020年6月发表于《德语人文研究》)。

通讯作者:
郑家欣,E-mail:zhengjx37@mail.sysu.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-28
- 录用日期: 2022-01-17

De-anthropocentrism in the Contemporary Chinese and German Bildungsroman: Schalansky's The Giraffe's Neck and Wang Anyi's Anonym

ZHENG Jiaxin^,

Sun Yat-sen University

摘要

摘要: 经典成长小说的情节主线为年轻主人公在社会不同领域漫游经历而通过自我教育发展成长为完全人，反映了启蒙主义时期的发展进步观与新人文主义的人性理想。当代德国作家夏兰斯基的《长颈鹿的脖子——教育小说》与王安忆的《匿名》都颠覆了成长小说经典叙事模式，描写了主人公的“退化”历程并以成长失败为结局，代表当代成长小说的最新发展趋势。两部小说都在虚构叙事中嵌套生物进化论的科学话语，形成了虚构与写实的张力，并且从自然史的角度审视文明史，反思高举发展进步旗帜的启蒙历史观，通过与动物性的参照质疑新人文主义的人性理想。两者经由描写在文明的缝隙之中、在历史的巨轮之下小人物的生存困境和生命困局，以虚构叙事构建回忆空间，在唤起个人记忆和集体记忆的独特场所中回访历史。《长颈鹿的脖子》的反讽风格显示出对乐观主义的进步观和人性理想的深刻批判和彻底质疑，而《匿名》的批判性较为温和，对现代文明的态度较为暧昧，反映了中国当代文学在破碎的艺术世界中仍寻求文化总体性的努力。本文尝试以成长小说这一文类为对话平台，通过当代中德成长小说的互资镜鉴与双向阐发，发掘中国成长小说的美学特质，同时通过文本批评反观文类理论的有效性和时效性，破解西方文学的“主体性迷思”，也说明现代成长小说叙事特征所引起的文类存亡与否的争论，其实正好凸显了成长小说内在固有的反思机制及其体现的现代主体性悖论。
- 成长小说 /
- 夏兰斯基 /
- 王安忆 /
- 非人类中心主义
Abstract: The main plot line of the classical Bildungsroman is that the protagonist develops into a "universal man" by self-cultivation through his experiences in different fields of society, which corresponds to the idea of New Humanism and Enlightenment. German writer Schalansky's The Giraffe's Neck:Bildungsroman(2011) and Chinese writer Wang Anyi's 王安忆(1954-) Ni Ming《匿名》(Anonym, 2016) subvert the classical narrative mode of traditional Bildungsroman. Both novels describe the protagonist's "degeneration" process with an ending of failure, which represents the latest characteristics of contemporary Bildungsroman. This article compares the narrative characteristics of the two novels in terms of time structure, figure configuration and space writing. In this analysis, it discusses how the two writers reflect on the realistic validity of evolutionism and re-examine the historical view of Enlightenment and the ideal of New Humanism in different cultural contexts. Both novels use biological discourse to explain evolutionism, observe the history of civilization from the viewpoint of natural history and discuss the modernity problematic from the perspective of the history of philosophy. Both reveal the operation of modern human mechanisms in the place where some people are traditionally identified as "non-human" or "savage" and challenge the human ideals of the New Humanism through reference to animality. Furthermore, both writers write about "unhistorical history" by describing the survival plight of small historical figures in the crevices of civilization and inquire about history in a unique place of memory. In the criticism of the concept of civilization evolutionism, the standpoint presented in Anonym is more ambiguous than that in The Giraffe's Neck, which reflects the efforts of contemporary Chinese literature to seek cultural totality in the fragmented art world. This article attempts to use the genre of Bildungsroman as a platform for transcultural dialogue, so as to explore the aesthetic characteristics of Chinese Bildungsroman and to reflect on the validity and applicability of genre theory by textual criticism. Deciphering the "subjective myth" of Western literature also shows that the debate on the existence of Bildungsroman caused by the narrative characteristics of modern Bildungsroman actually highlights the inherent reflection mechanism of this genre and the paradox of modern subjectivity it embodies.
- Bildungsroman /
- Schalansky /
- WangAnyi /
- de-anthropocentrism

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