Abstract: The study of science fiction has gone through more than 100 years of development in China. To explore this topic in the context of the history of Chinese comparative literature, the research subject is Chinese scholars, and the research object is both local and overseas science fiction. Based on the strict academic paradigm, the research of science fiction can be divided into two types:"semi-professional" and "professional." For a long time, the two groups of researchers have learned from each other and made important contributions to the development of science fiction studies in China. Semi-professional research originated in the early 20th century, mainly in the form of writers' perceptions, science fiction fan comments, etc. Professional research rose in the 1990s and has flourished in the 21st century. It has developed from lonely spark to prairie fire.Although there is some overlap with semi-professional researchers, most professional researchers come from universities. They generally have doctorate degrees, have received complete and systematic academic training, and are familiar with modern academic paradigms. Their output has greatly improved in depth, breadth and standardization, mainly reflected in five aspects:the continuous development of academic activities, the establishment of academic organizations, the emergence of high-level research projects and academic achievements, the remarkable achievements of talent training in universities, and the bright spots of international exchanges. Since the 21st century, research achievements in science fiction can be divided into six major areas:research data collation and translation, literary history writing, writers and works research, comprehensive works, translation and communication research, and representative thematic research. Although the existing achievements are unprecedented in terms of quantity and quality, there is still a broad research space to be explored by successors.