Development and Theoretical Innovation of Literary Anthropology in China
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摘要: 文学人类学被理解为以人类学视野思考和研究文学的比较文学研究流派,是20世纪比较文学领域催生出的跨学科研究。作为人类学与文学交流互动的成果,文学人类学天然的具有“跨学科”的特性。中国的文学人类学研究萌芽要追溯到20世纪早期闻一多、郑振铎等学者的研究。改革开放后的四十年是中国文学人类学由方法到学科、由奠基到壮大的时期。中国的文学人类学研究者始终坚持“世界性”与“中国性”相结合的原则,对从西方引入的文学人类学理论与方法进行吸收与改造,使其能被灵活运用到本土问题的研究上来。本文以文学人类学在中国的学科发展脉络为线索,从文学人类学产生的学科背景、文学人类学在中国的发展史、中国学者对文学人类学理论的革新与实践三个方面,梳理文学人类学在中国的本土化历程。从理论创新方面来看,文学人类学的中国话语建设主要集中在以下四个方面,对早期经典的重释、中华文明探源工程、文学民族志研究以及交叉学科研究。从研究方法的开拓来看,中国文学人类学的贡献集中在“四重证据法”“N重证据”等跨学科方法上。文学人类学在中国的本土化历程,体现着其与中国文化、历史学、考古学、民族学等多个学科领域的交叉融合。Abstract: Literary anthropology is considered to be a comparative literature research school that considers and studies literature from an anthropological perspective, and is an interdisciplinary study that was born in the field of comparative literature in the 20th century.As the result of the interaction between anthropology and literature, literary anthropology has interdisciplinary characteristics. Since the reform and opening up of China, the budding of literary anthropology research in the country can be traced back to the research of scholars such as Wen Yiduo and Zheng Zhenduo in the early 20th century. Forty years after the reform and opening up was a period in which Chinese literary anthropology moved from method to discipline, from foundation to growth. Chinese literary anthropology researchers have always adhered to the principle of combining "Universality" and "Chineseness," absorbing and transforming literary anthropology theories and methods introduced from the West, so that they could be flexibly applied to local issues. This paper takes the development of literary anthropology in China as a clue and sorts out the localization process of literary anthropology in China according to three aspects:the background of literary anthropology, the history of literary anthropology in China, and the innovation and practice of literary anthropology by Chinese scholars. From the perspective of theoretical innovation, the construction of Chinese discourse in literary anthropology mainly focuses on the following four aspects:the reinterpretation of early classics, the project of tracing the origin of Chinese civilization, literary ethnography search, and interdisciplinary research. From the perspective of the development of research methods, the contributions ofChinese literary anthropology focus on interdisciplinary methods such as "the Quadruple Evidence Method" and "the N-Evidenc Method." The localization process of literary anthropology in China reflects its cross-integration with Chinese culture, history, archaeology, ethnology and other disciplines.
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Key words:
- literary anthropology /
- interdisciplinary studies /
- comparative literature /
- review
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