The Transfiguration of the Russian Revolutionary Spirit: Chinese Translations of Kemuyama Sentarō's Modern Anarchism in the Early Twentieth Century
-
摘要: 1902年,日本学者烟山专太郎(1877-1954)发表了《近世无政府主义》一书。它是东亚地区最早对19世纪末俄国革命运动进行全面、系统学术概述的著述之一。这本政治学术著作在中国产生了巨大的影响,并促使中国人翻译了大量关于激进的俄国虚无党的故事——这些作品既包含史闻逸事,亦包括历史小说,也不乏就这些主题创作的原创小说。本文追溯了20世纪初烟山专太郎著作在中国的多种翻译,以及受到烟山专太郎启发而写成的社论和小品。通过概述烟山专太郎对俄国革命政治的学术研究如何最终成为20世纪初中国社会和革命运动的关键推动力,本文探讨了跨文化文本与政治的关系,以及翻译在文化传播中扮演的角色。此外,文章还探讨了烟山专太郎的专著如何引导中国读者在革命和文学之间建立联系,从而影响了整个20世纪中国人对俄罗斯文学的解读。受烟山专太郎笔下所描绘的俄国作家和虚无党人的启发,中国翻译家亦将他们的翻译转化为了革命情感的载体。Abstract: In 1902, the Japanese scholar Kemuyama Sentarō(1877-1954) published Modern Anarchism. It was one of the first books in EastAsia to provide a comprehensive and systematic scholarly overview of the late nineteenth-century Russian revolutionary movement.This book of political scholarship had a sensational impact in China and motivated the Chinese to translate stories about the politically radical Russian nihilists-both factual and historical fiction-as well as write original fiction on these themes. This article traces the translations of Kemuyama's book in China at the beginning of the twentieth century, detailing the editorials and sketches in Chinese newspapers that drew direct inspiration from Kemuyama's book. By outlining how Kemuyama's scholarly research into Russian revolutionary politics eventually served as a crucial impetus for early twentieth-century Chinese social and revolutionary movements, the article explores the relationship between transcultural texts and politics, and the implications for translation as a cultural mediator.In addition, thearticle also explores how Kemuyama's book guided its Chinese readers to establish a link between revolution and literature that shaped the Chinese interpretation of Russian literature throughout the twentieth century. Inspired by the Russian nihilists and writers depicted in Kemuyama's book, the Chinese translators transformed their renditions into vehicles of their own revolutionary sentiments.
-
Key words:
- Kemuyama Sentarō /
- translation /
- Russia /
- China /
- revolution /
- nihilism
-
[1] Avrich,Paul. The Russian Anarchists. NewYork:Norton,1978. [2] Benjamin,Walter“. On the Concept of History.”Translated by Edmund Jephcott. In Walter Benjamin:Selected Writings,4:1938–1940. Edited by Howard Eiland and MichaelW. Jennings. Cambridge,MA;London:Harvard University Press,2003,389-411. [3] ———“. On Language as Such and on the Language of Man.”In Walter Benjamin:Selected Writings 1913-1926. [4] Edited by Marcus Bullock and MichaelW. Jennings. Cambridge,MA:Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,1996,63-74. [5] ———“. The Task of the Translator.”In Walter Benjamin:Selected Writings,Vol. 1,1913-1926. Edited by Marcus Bullock and MichaelW. Jennings. Cambridge,MA:Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,1996, 253-63. [6] Bernal,Martin. Chinese Socialism to 1907. Ithaca,NY:Cornell University Press,1976. [7] Brower,Daniel R. Training the Nihilists:Education and Radicalism in Tsarist Russia. Ithaca,NY:Cornell University Press,1975. [8] CHEN Jianhua“. Revolution:From Literary Revolution to Revolutionary Literature.”In Words and Their Stories: [9] Essays on the Language of Chinese Revolution. Edited byWANG Ban. Leiden:Brill,2010,15-32. [10] Dirlik,Arif.Anarchism in the Chinese Revolution. Berkeley:University of California Press,1991. [11] Gamsa,Mark.The Chinese Translation of Russian Literature:Three Studies. Leiden,Boston:Brill,2008. [12] Hingley,Ronald. Nihilists:Russian Radicals and Revolutionaries in the Reign of Alexander II,1855-81. London:Weidenfeld and Nicolson,1967. [13] Horowitz,Irving Louis.The Anarchists. Edited by Irving Louis Horowitz. NewYork:Dell Pub. Co.,1964. [14] IAroslavskii,Emel’ian. History of Anarchism in Russia. NewYork:International publishers,1937. [15] Liu,Lydia He.Translingual Practice:Literature,National Culture,and Translated Modernity-China,1900-1937. Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press,1995. [16] Price,Don C. Russia and the Roots of the Chinese Revolution,1896-1911. Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1974. [17] Rankin,Mary Backus. Early Chinese Revolutionaries:Radical Intellectuals in Shanghai and Chekiang,1902-1911. Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1971. [18] Tetsuo,Nakamura“. The Influence of Kemuyama Sentarō’s Modern Anarchism on the Chinese Revolutionary Movement.”In The 1911 Revolution in China:Interpretive Essays. Edited by Shinkichi Etō and Harold Z.Schiffrin. Tokyo:University of Tokyo Press,1984,95-105. [19] Tsu,Jing“. FemaleAssassins,Civilization,and Technology in Late Qing Literature and Culture.”In Different Worlds of Discourse:Transformations of Gender and Genre in Late Qing and Early Republican China. Edited by QIAN Nanxiu,Grace S. Fong and Richard J. Smith. Leiden;Boston:Brill,2008,167-96. [20] Turgenev,I.S. Ottsy I Deti. Moscow:Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo khudozhestvennoi literatury,1948. [21] Venuti,Lawrence“. Translation,Community,Utopia.”In The Translation Studies Reader. NewYork:Routledge, 2004,482-502. [22] ———“. Translation as a Social Practice:Or,the Violence of Translation.”Translation Perspectives 9(1996): 195-213. [23] Wortman,Richard.The Crisis of Russian Populism. London:Cambridge University Press,1967. [24] Zarrow,Peter.Anarchism and Chinese Political Culture. NewYork:Columbia University Press,1990. [25] 陈建华主编:《中国俄苏文学研究史论》卷1、3,重庆:重庆出版社,2007年。 [26] [CHEN Jianhua,ed. Zhongguo E Su wenxue yanjiushi lun(On the History of Russian-Soviet Literature Studies in China). Vols. 1 & 3. Chongqing:Chongqing Publishing House,2007.] [27] ———:《“革命”的现代性——中国革命话语考论》,上海:上海古籍出版社,2000年。 [28] [——— . Geming de xiandaixing——Zhongguo geming huayu kaolun(The Modernity of “Geming”:Textual Studies of Revolution Discourses in Modern China). Shanghai:Shanghai Chinese Classics Publishing House,2000.] [29] 独头:《俄人要求立宪之铁血主义》,《浙江潮》,1903年4月20日、5月20日,第4、5号。 [30] [Du Tou“. Eren yaoqiu lixian zhi tiexue zhuyi(weiwan)”(The Iron and Blood Doctrines within the Context of the Russians’Demand of Constitutionalism). Zhejiang chao(Dongjing)(Tide of Zhejiang),April 20,May 20, 1903:4(21-31),5(19-26).] [31] 《俄罗斯虚无党付印》(广告),《汉声》,1903年7月,第6号。 [32] [“Eluosi xuwudang fuyin(guanggao)”(The Nihilist Party of Russia Goes to Press/The Printing of The Russian Nihilist Party)(Ad.). Hansheng(Voice of the Han),July,1903:6(4).] [33] 《俄罗斯虚无党三杰传》,《大陆》报,1903年6月5日,第7期“史传”栏。 [34] [Anon.,“Eluosi xuwudang san jie zhuan”(Biographies of Three Russian Nihilist Heroes),Dalu(Shanghai 1902)(Continent〈Shanghai 1902〉),June 5,1903:7(1-15).] [35] 湖南之湖南人(杨笃生):《新湖南》,上海:镜今书局,1903年。 [36] [Hunan Zhi Hunanren(YANG Dusheng). Xin hunan(New Hunan). Shanghai:Jing Jin Bookstore,1903.] [37] 金观涛:《革命观念在中国的起源和演变》,《政治与社会哲学评论》2005年第13期,第1~51页。 [38] [JIN Guantao“. Geming guannian zai Zhongguo de qiyuan he yanbian”(The Origins and Transformation of the Concept of Revolution in China). Zhengzhi yu shehui zhexue pinglun(Political and Social Philosophy Review)13(2005):1-51.] [39] 金一(金天翮):《自由血》,上海:镜今书局,1904年。 [40] [JinYi(JIN Tianhe). Ziyou xue(Free Blood). Shanghai:Jing Jin Bookstore,1904.] [41] (日)金津圆太郎著,大哀氏译:《皇室之虚无党》,《复报》,1906年10月12日,第5期。 [42] [JinjingYuantailang“. Huangshi zhi xuwudang”(Imperial Nihilist). Translated by Da’aishi. Fubao(Restoration News/ Magazine of Renaissance),October 12,1906:5(45-52).] [43] (日)煙山専太郎:《近世無政府主義》,東京:明治文獻,1965年。 [44] [Kemuyama,Sentarō. Kinsei museifu shugi(ModernAnarchism). Tōkyō:Meiji Bunken,1965.] [45] (日)北岡正子:《魯迅文学の淵源を探る:「摩羅詩力說」材源考》,東京:汲古書院,2015年。 [46] [Kitaoka,Masako. Rojin bungaku no engen o saguru:“Marashi ryokusetsu”zaigenko(AStudy of Lu Xun’s Literary Origins:Research into the References of “The Power of Mara Poetry”). Tōkyō:Kyūko Shoin,2015.] [47] (日)古城貞吉:《论俄人性质》,《时务报》,1897年,第31期,第21~22页。 [48] [Kojō,Teikichi“. Lun Eren xingzhi”(ADiscussion of the Character of the Russian People). Shiwu bao(Current Affairs),1897:31(21-22).] [49] 冷血(陈冷)译:《虚无党》,上海:开明书店,1904年。 [50] [Leng Xue(CHEN Leng). Xuwudang(The Nihilist Party). Shanghai:Kaiming Bookstore,1904] [51] 李冬木:《留学生周树人“个人”语境中的“斯契纳尔”——兼谈“蚊学士”、烟山专太郎》,《东岳论丛》2015年第6期,第 55~72页。 [52] [LI Dongmu,“Liuxuesheng Zhou Shuren‘geren’yujing zhong de‘Siqina’er’- jiantan‘yixueshi’Yanshan Zhuantailang”(Max Stirner in the Context of Understanding Exchange Student Zhou Shuren asAn Individual:AStudy of “Master Mosquito”and Bungakushi Kemuyama Sentarō),Dongyue luncong(Dongyue Tribune)36,no. 5(2015):55-72.] [53] (清)梁启超:《论小说与群治之关系》,载《梁启超全集》,北京:北京出版社,1999年,第884~886页。 [54] [LIANG Qichao“. Lun xiaoshuo yu qunzhi zhi guanxi”(On the Relationship between Fiction and the Government of the People). In Liang Qichao quanji(CompleteWorks of Liang Qichao). Beijing:Beijing Publishing House,1999,884-86.] [55] (清)任公(梁启超):《汗漫录》,《清议报》,1900年2月,第36册,第2323~2330页。 [56] [Ren Gong(LIANG Qichao)“. Han man lu(jie qian ce)”(Chronique de Hanman/Record of Travel〈AContinuation〉). Qing yi bao(Journal of Popular Opinion/Pure Criticism/The China Discussion),February,1900:36, 2323-30.] [57] 任客:《俄国虚无党女杰沙勃罗克传》,《浙江潮》,1903年10月11日,第7期。 [58] [Ren Ke“. Eguo xuwudang nüjie Shaboluoke zhuan”(The Biography of the Heroine of the Russian Nihilist Party Sof'ia Perovskaia). Zhejiang chao(Dongjing)(Tide of Zhejiang),October 11,1903:7(115-20).] [59] 杀青译:《俄罗斯的革命党》,《童子世界》,1903年6月16日,第33号。 [60] [Sha Qing,trans“. Eluosi de gemingdang(weiwan)”(The Russian Revolutionary Party〈Unfinished〉). Tongzi shijie(Juvenile World),June 16,1903:33(29-32).] [61] ———:《俄国压制之反动力》,《童子世界》,1903年6月16日,第33号,第26~27页。 [62] [———“. Eguo yazhi zhi fandongli”(The Counterforce against Russian Repression). Tongzi shijie(Juvenile World),June 16,1903:33(26-27).] [63] 《弑俄帝亚历山德者传》,《大陆》报,1903年,第9期。 [64] [Anon“. Shi EdiYalishande zhe zhuan”(ABiography of theAssassin of CzarAlexander). Dalu(Shanghai 1902)(Continent〈Shanghai 1902〉),1903:9(25-41).] [65] 渊实(廖仲恺):《虚无党小史》,《民报》,1907年1月25日、10月25日,第11、17号。 [66] [Yuan Shi(LIAO Zhongkai)“. Xuwudang xiaoshi”(ABrief History of the Nihilist Party). Min bao(People’s Daily),January 25,October 25,1907:11(89-109),17(121-48).] [67] ———:《无政府主义与社会主义》,《民报》,1906年11月15日,第9号。 [68] [———“. Wuzhengfu zhuyi yu shehui zhuyi”(Anarchism and Socialism). Min bao(People’s Daily),November 15,1906:9(1-7).] [69] 辕孙:《露西亚虚无党》,《江苏》,1903年7月24日、8月23日,第4、5期。 [70] [Yuan Sun,“Luxiya xuwudang”(The Russian Nihilist Party),Jiangsu(Dongjing)(Jiangsu Journal〈Tokyo〉),July 24,August 23,1903:4(51-60),5(71-76).] [71] 张继等译:《俄皇亚历山大第二之死状》,《国民日日报汇编》,1904年9月4日,第1版。 [72] [ZHANG Zai et al.,trans“. EhuangYalishanda di er zhi sizhuang”(The Death of CzarAlexander II). Guomin riri bao huibian(A Collection of the National Daily/The China National Gazette),September 4,1904:1(6-9).] [73] 赵星晨:《晚清虚无党小说研究》,上海:华东师范大学中文系硕士论文,2015年。 [74] [ZHAO Xingchen“. Wan Qing xuwudang xiaoshuo yanjiu”(AStudy of Nihilist Novels in the Late Qing Dynasty). Master’s thesis,East China Normal University,2015.] [75] (清)中国之新民(梁启超):《论俄罗斯虚无党》,《新民丛报》,1903年11月2日,第40、41期合刊。 [76] [Zhongguo Zhi Xinmin(LIANG Qichao)“. Lun Eluosi xuwudang”(On the Russian Nihilist Party). Xinmin cong bao(New Citizen Journal),November 2,1903:40/41(59-74,73).] [77] 自然生(张继)译:《无政府主义》,《国民日日报》(1903年)。 [78] [Ziran Sheng(ZHANG Ji)“. Wuzhengfu zhuyi”(Anarchism). Guomin riri bao huibian(The China National Gazette)(Shanghai,1903).]
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 266
- HTML全文浏览量: 79
- PDF下载量: 52
- 被引次数: 0