世界主义与流亡：一段未明之缘

加林·提哈诺夫

doi:10.19857/j.cnki.ICL.20236201

世界主义与流亡：一段未明之缘

doi: 10.19857/j.cnki.ICL.20236201

加林·提哈诺夫^,

伦敦大学玛丽女王学院

详细信息

作者简介:
加林·提哈诺夫,伦敦大学玛丽女王学院比较文学乔治·斯坦纳首席教授、英国不列颠学会会员(2021年)、欧洲科学院院士(2012年),曾任国际比较文学学会文学理论委员会主席、哈佛大学世界文学研究所执行委员会委员、中国社会科学院外国文学研究所名誉科学顾问,并曾在欧洲、北美、南美和亚洲的多所大学担任客座教授。提哈诺夫教授迄今已出版六本著述,近著《文学理论的诞生与消亡:俄罗斯及其他地区的相关制度》(斯坦福大学出版社2019年出版)荣获2020年度美国斯拉夫语和东欧语言教师协会文学研究最佳图书奖。

通讯作者:
加林·提哈诺夫,E-mail:g.tihanov@qmul.ac.uk

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-14
- 录用日期: 2023-06-10

Cosmopolitanism and Exile: An Uncertain Affinity

Galin Tihanov^,

Queen Mary University of London

摘要

摘要: 在哲学、文学和艺术中，世界主义主要是指对陌生事物（通常为个体而非集体）持开放态度的特定精神，以及一系列特定的价值观，譬如宽容、好客、对文化和知识的探索欲等。然而笔者坚持认为，世界主义不是一个同质的概念。此文即对政治世界主义和文化世界主义进行了区分。这两种类型的世界主义可谓霄壤之别，它们代表着不同的价值观，并不总是一致的。笔者试图证明，流亡和世界主义之间的关系远没有人们惯常认为的那么简单，而描述二者关系的最佳方式可能便是将其称为一种说不清道不明的亲缘力（抑或一段未明之缘）。在本文的导言部分，笔者探讨了“世界主义”一词的众多定义，并通过甄别向来被视为统一话语的两种不同阐释来获取更为精细的信息。第二部分中则剖析了引言凸出的两种世界主义——政治和文化世界主义——之间错综复杂的关系（更为确切地说也是分歧）。为此，笔者以一组左翼欧洲犹太流亡作家为例，分析了他们的作品及其作为没有固定城邦的世界主义者的经历。整个分析中最关键的部分要数对世界主义更为深层次的理解，它既是一种渴望，也是一种蕴藏内在矛盾的话语，更是一种重新审视我们思考流亡经历同世界主义态度与实践关系所采用方式的尝试。
- 世界主义 /
- 流亡 /
- 话语 /
- 未明之缘
Abstract: In philosophy, literature, and the arts, the cosmopolitan tends to be defined chiefly with reference to a particular ethos(often individual rather than collective) of openness to what is non-familiar and alien, and on a particular range of values, such as tolerance, hospitality, cultural and intellectual curiosity. I insist, however, that cosmopolitanism is not a homogeneous concept. In this article, I draw a distinction between political cosmopolitanism, on the one hand, and cultural cosmopolitanism, on the other. Arguably, these two types of cosmopolitanism, far from being identical, have disparate values that do not always coincide. I seek to demonstrate that exile and cosmopolitanism abide in a relationship that is far less straightforward than habitually assumed:the best way to describe this relationship is perhaps to refer to exile and cosmopolitanism as bound by a rather uncertain affinity. In the introductory part of this article I explore various meanings of the word "cosmopolitanism" and attempt to attain finer granularity by identifying two different strands within what has long been taken to be a unitary discourse.¹ In the second part, I discuss the complex relationship(often also divergence) between the two types of cosmopolitanism-political and cultural-that I identify in the Introduction. I do so by analysing a set of examples drawn from the work of left-leaning European Jewish exiles and their experience of cosmopolitans without a polis. What is at stake throughout my analysis is a deeper understanding of cosmopolitanism, both as a desideratum but also as a discourse that harbours inner contradictions, and also an attempt to revisit the way we think about how the experience of exile relates to cosmopolitan attitudes and practices.
- cosmopolitanism /
- exile /
- discourse /
- uncertain affinity

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