跨文化互动——海外汉学（中国学）的研究方法

张西平

doi:10.19857/j.cnki.ICL.20236401

跨文化互动——海外汉学（中国学）的研究方法

doi: 10.19857/j.cnki.ICL.20236401

张西平^,

北京语言大学

详细信息

作者简介:
张西平，北京语言大学特聘教授，《国际汉学》主编。主要研究领域有1500-1800年的中西文化交流史、西方汉学史和中国基督教史等。

通讯作者:
张西平,E-mail:13910383282@qq.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-17
- 录用日期: 2023-11-30

Intercultural Interaction: Research Methods of Overseas Sinology（Chinese Studies）

ZHANG Xiping^,

Beijing Language and Culture University

摘要

摘要: 域外汉学作为文化间的学术体系,对其如何展开研究是一个重要的问题,学界多有分歧。本文认为目前的海外汉学研究有三种路径:国学研究路径、学术史研究路径、比较文学研究路径。第一种路径重视海外汉学家自身的研究内容,考查他们提供的知识是否正确,这是从国学研究的立场出发,从中国文化本位立场出发的。第二种路径重视汉学本身发展历史的脉络,将汉学作为一种学术体系,重视它的师承、知识衔接的关系,这是一种学术史的立场,是从东方学学术史立场出发的。第三种路径注意海外汉学的变异性,它作为一种西方知识体系的内容,它的表述和观点是如何受到本国文化影响的,这是从比较文化立场出发的。“跨文化互动”的研究海外汉学的模式,将全球史从注重经济互动、疾病传播等研究扩展到“精神世界的互动”,“文化间的互动”。海外汉学的存在深刻地揭示了中国文化的世界性以及中国文化和西方文化及其他文化的互动,这种互动不仅仅是简单的知识的扩散,而是中国文化作为东方的智慧进入到西方文化或者其他文化的发展历程之中,这样对海外汉学的研究不仅仅是在东方学研究范围展开,实际上进入到了西方思想史、文化史或者对象国思想史、文化史研究之中,从而揭示出中华文化文明的世界意义。这是中华文化在精神世界上与西方或者其他国家最为深刻的互动。
- 跨文化互动 /
- 海外汉学 /
- 国学 /
- 学术史 /
- 比较文学 /
- 中华文化
Abstract: As an intercultural academic system, the study of overseas Sinology is an important issue, and there are many disputes in the academia. This paper suggests that there are three approaches for studying Sinology overseas: studies of Chinese learning, research of academic history, and comparative literature research. The first approach emphasizes the content of research by overseas sinologists and whether the knowledge they provide is correct. This is from the perspective of Chinese culture. The second approach focuses on the historical development of Sinology and regards it as an academic system, emphasizing the inheritance and the interface of knowledge. This is from the perspective of Orientalist academic history. The third path pays attention to the variability of overseas Sinology as part and parcel of a Western knowledge system, as how the expression and viewpoints are influenced by national culture. This is from the standpoint of comparative culture. The “Intercultural Interaction” model for the investigation of overseas Sinology expands the scope of global history from the focus on economic interactions and the spread of disease to “spiritual world interactions” and “intercultural interactions.” The existence of overseas Sinology profoundly reveals the universality of Chinese culture and its interaction with Western and other cultures. Such interaction is not a mere diffusion of knowledge, but a journey of Chinese culture, as the wisdom of the East, into the development of Western or other cultures. By this token, the study of overseas Sinology is not merely carried out within the scope of Oriental Studies, but moves into research on ideological and cultural history of the targeted countries, thereby disclosing the significance of Chinese culture and civilization worldwide. This is the most profound interaction between Chinese culture and the West and the rest in the spiritual world.
- intercultural interaction /
- overseas Sinology /
- Chinese learning /
- academic history /
- comparative literature /
- Chinese culture

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