A Qualitative Description of Recorded Demonstration Narrative, and Narrative Frameworks and Narrative Subjects of Demonstration Narrative: A Conversation with Mr. Zhao Yiheng
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摘要: 西方电影叙述学有把影视等记录演示叙述定性为如戏剧表演那样的演示叙述、而不是记录演示叙述或兼具这两者某些特征的传统。这样理解的根源,在于未能注意到胡塞尔的感知理论无法有效区分幻觉和感知的局限。事实上,戏剧舞台表演等现场演示叙述类型的许多基本特征,影视等记录演示叙述并不具有,不能无视后者经过了媒介录制这个环节的事实,忽视这种媒介性,会面临无法精细有效区分诸多叙述类型的麻烦。无疑,记录性演示叙述具有双重性,即兼具现场演示叙述类型与记录叙述类型的一些特征。另外,学界对演示叙述的区隔框架与叙述主体的讨论,多沿用受限于语言文字中心主义视野的经典叙述学的概念与理论框架,而未完全回到这种体裁本身。演示叙述的创作机制、发生场域、符号-媒介与存在形态等远比小说复杂,其叙述框架发生在两个场域,其框架并非一个,其中一个区隔了故事文本内外,另一个区隔了处于故事文本外却参与了其建构的各种叙述主体的创作与其日常生活状态——此类区隔本身具有抽象性。同时,源头叙述者与表演者等次叙述者的作用是相对的、变动的,甚至某些源头叙述者与表演者合一,其表演者属于一种用身体、姿态、行为动作等符号直接演述故事的叙述者,而一些画外音等则属于小说叙述意义上的叙述者。Abstract: Western film narratology has a tradition of categorizing the recorded demonstration narration(such as that in films, television, etc.) as demonstration narrative related to theatrical performance, rather than as recorded demonstration narrative or what combines certain characteristics of both. This understanding can be attributed to a failure to notice the limitation of Husserl's perception theory that it is unable to effectively distinguish illusion from perception. In fact, many basic characteristics of live narrative demonstration such as live theatre performance are absent in recorded demonstration narration; that the latter tends to proceed through the process of media recording cannot be ignored. Such negligence will result in the difficulty to accurately and effectively distinguish a myriad of narrative types. Undoubtedly, the recorded demonstration narrative has a dual nature, namely, it combines some characteristics of both on-site demonstration narrative and documentary storytelling. Furthermore, academic discussions on the separation framework and narrative subject of the demonstration narrative usually follow the theoretical framework of classical narratology, which is limited by a logocentric vision that hinders scholars engaged in discussion from completely returning to the genre itself. The creative mechanisms, fields of occurrence, symbolic media and existing forms of demonstration narrative are far more complex than those of the novel. The narrative framework of a demonstration narrative straddles two fields: one separates the inside from the outside of the narrated text, the other emulates the daily creation and living experience of the multitudinous narrative subjects to be found outside the narrated text but participate in the construction of the narrative——the demarcation itself is abstract. Meanwhile, the roles of the subnarrators such as the originator(or illocutionary source) and the performer are always relative and variable, and even some originators and performers are interchangeable. The performers fall into a category of narrators who directly tell the story with symbols such as body, posture, behavioral action, and so forth, while voice-overs are narrators in the sense of fictional narrative.
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