How is the Modern Transformation of Ancient Literary Theory Carried Out? On Ye Jiaying’s Theory of “Evocative Inspiration” in Comparative Poetics
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摘要: 叶嘉莹先生提出“兴发感动”说,将其作为诗学的基本原则,在比较诗学的视野下,结合现代人生的体认,统一生命感发与理性逻辑,建构具有现代性特质的诗学体系。“兴发感动”说源自传统诗学之“兴”的感发力量;“风”和“兴”同义表明一种宗教政治术语向诗学技巧观念的转型,其生命活力之义被抽取出来,而自然物象与社会事象则列为“生命感发”的根源;“兴发感动”说立足于诗学本身,从艺术技巧到主体生命,在重构传统诗学话语的基础上突显其生命美学的特色。作者、读者和作品都是文学活动的构成因素,传统诗学偏重作者的感发维度,西方诗学理论被用于补充、协调和完善, “兴发感动”说侧重人的整体生命历程,使诗歌生命的感发代代相传;就诗歌本身而言,新批评的文本观念和符号学的语码理论都可列入传统诗学之“比”的范畴,“兴发感动”则具有现象学意义上的生命初始性,文本语言所蕴含的“潜能”、“可能性”以及音乐性的感发则多具“兴”之意义,它们让作品自身成为完整的生命,生命感发才是伟大诗作的标志。在“诗词人生”的实践中,“兴发感动”的生命观念被提升到人格道德的境界,美善合一,从初始之生命感发逐渐自我完善;面对现代社会的忧患困顿和人生悲苦的境况,女性特有的“弱德之美”激发主体生命之持守、抗争和拯救的普世意义,是人类高尚的德性。生命不息、感动他人,“兴发感动”说对中国古代文论之现代转换具有重要的启示价值。Abstract: Ye Jiaying proposed the theory of “Evocative Inspiration” as a fundamental principle of poetics. Under the perspective of comparative poetics, she combines modern life experiences, unifies the inspiration of life and rational logic, and constructs a poetic system with modern characteristics. The theory of “Evocative Inspiration” originates from the sensory power of “Xing” (兴) in traditional poetics, where “Feng” (风) and “Xing” are synonymous, indicating a transition from religious and political concepts to poetic techniques. While extracting life vitality, the theory identifies natural imagery and social phenomena as the roots of the “life inspiration.” Grounded in poetics itself, it shifts its focus from artistic techniques to subjective life experiences, highlighting its aesthetic characteristics of life through reconstructing traditional poetic discourse. While author, reader, and work are part and parcel of literary activity, traditional poetics emphasizes the author’s inspirational dimension. Western poetic theories are employed to complement and refine this framework, with “Evocative Inspiration” prioritizing the holistic life journey of the individual and allowing the emotional development of poetic life to be passed down from generation to generation. As far as poetry itself is concerned, both the textual concepts of New Criticism and the theory of semiotic code fall within the category of “Bi” (比) in traditional poetics. “Evocative Inspiration” has a phenomenological sense of the beginning of life. The “potentiality,” “possibility” and musicality embedded in textual language align more with the essence of “Xing” (兴), rendering the work itself a complete life entity, wherein life inspiration becomes the hallmark of excellent poetry. In the practice of “poetic life,” the philosophy of “Evocative Inspiration” ascends to the level of moral personhood, unifying beauty and goodness through gradual self-perfection from initial life inspiration. In the face of the difficulties and hardships of modern society, the unique feminine “beauty of passive virtue” plays a universal and instrumental role in preserving, resisting, and redeeming life, embodying noble human ethics. Through perpetual life inspiration and emotional resonance, the theory of “Evocative Inspiration,” holds significant revelatory value for the modern transformation of ancient Chinese literary theory.
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