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摘要: 泰戈尔因获得“诺贝尔文学奖”而成为具有世界影响力的作家,其作品和思想在中国也得到了广泛的传播与研究。有一大批中国现代作家明显受泰戈尔的创作思想与艺术形式的影响,进而产生了“中国泰戈尔作家群”,具有代表性的有郭沫若、冰心、徐志摩等。他们都关注“人”的主体地位和主体意识,泰戈尔则为他们表达“自我”提供了一种新的可能。其中,“中国泰戈尔作家群”关注“我”与最高存在的合一来表现自我,主要关注“人”的神性。同时,“中国泰戈尔作家群”也通过“我”与“梵”的自然化合一来丰盈主体。此外,“中国泰戈尔作家群”还关注“我”与个体精神的合一来表现自我,关注个人精神世界的丰富性、艺术世界与灵魂世界界限的打通。可以说,“中国泰戈尔作家群”对主体意识的弘扬与泰戈尔的泛神论思想存在交叉,但并非完全一致。不过,他们共同吸纳了泰戈尔泛神论中“梵”与“我”的融合,表现出泰戈尔式“泛神论的主体意识”的特征,既充分体现了东方式主客交融的特点,又有别于西方主客对立的、“自我”完满意义上的主体意识。“中国泰戈尔作家群”概念的提出是探究泰戈尔与中国现代作家关系的一种尝试,既体现了泰戈尔对中国现代作家影响的特殊性,又在更深的层面上呈现了中国现代作家与外来文化影响的互动关系。Abstract: Rabindranath Tagore, a globally influential writer after winning the Nobel Prize in Literature, had seen his works and ideas widely disseminated and studied in China. A significant group of modern Chinese writers, notably influenced by Tagore’s creative theory and artistic style, formed the “Chinese Tagorean Writers’ Group,” represented by celebrity figures such as Guo Moruo, Bing Xin, Xu Zhimo and so forth. These writers all emphasize the subjective status and consciousness of “human beings,” with Tagore providing them a new possibility to express what they call the “self.” The “Chinese Tagorean Writers’ Group” focuses on unifying the “I” with the Supreme Being to manifest the self, in particular accentuating the divinity of “man.” Meanwhile, the “Chinese Tagorean Writers’ Group” also enriches subjectivity through a natural fusion of the “I” and “Brahman.” Furthermore, they also pay attention to the integration of the “I” with the individual spirit to articulate the self, and give considerable weight to the richness of the individual’s spiritual world as well as the dissolution of the boundaries between artistic and spiritual realms. While the “Chinese Tagorean Writers” share common ground with Tagore’s pantheistic thought in promoting subjective consciousness, their approaches are not entirely identical and consistent. That said, they jointly absorb the fusion of “Brahman” and the “I” in Tagore’s pantheism, demonstrating a Tagorean “pantheistic subjective consciousness,” which fully embodies the Eastern characteristic of “subject-object integration,” while in the meantime, remains distinct from the Western sense of subjective consciousness that relies on subject-object dichotomy and “self” perfection. The concept of “Chinese Tagorean Writers’ Group” serves as an attempt to explore the relationship between Tagore and modern Chinese writers, unveiling both the uniqueness of Tagore’s influence on modern Chinese writers, and the interaction between modern Chinese writers and foreign cultural impacts on a deeper level.
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